In a large skillet over medium-high heat, add the ground beef and cook until browned, breaking it apart with a spatula, about 5-6 minutes. Drain excess fat if necessary.
Add minced garlic and grated ginger to the pan with the beef, stirring for 1-2 minutes until fragrant.
In a small bowl, whisk together soy sauce, brown sugar, and sesame oil. Pour this mixture over the beef and stir well to coat. Let it simmer for another 2-3 minutes, allowing the flavors to meld.
While the beef cooks, prepare the vegetables: julienne the carrots and thinly slice the cucumbers, and chop the green onions.
To assemble the bowls, scoop cooked jasmine rice into each serving bowl. Top with the beef mixture, then layer with julienned carrots, sliced cucumbers, and fresh green onions.
Serve each bowl with a side of kimchi and sprinkle sesame seeds on top for garnish. Adjust salt and pepper to taste.